/* ==========================================================================
   Zeynel A. Darcan — design system
   Plain CSS. No framework, no build step, no preprocessor.
   Sections: 1 tokens · 2 reset · 3 base · 4 layout · 5 masthead
             6 hero · 7 sections · 8 components · 9 footer · 10 responsive
   ========================================================================== */

/* 1 ─────────────────────────────────────────────  TOKENS  ───────────────── */

:root {
  /* Colour — warm ivory ground, near-black ink, oxblood signature ---------- */
  --c-ivory:        #f4f0e8;
  /* Keep in step with --c-ivory. Used only for the hero's left plane, where
     the sea must stay faintly visible beneath black type. */
  --c-ivory-veil:   rgba(244, 240, 232, 0.92);
  --c-bone:         #faf7f1;   /* lifted surface on ivory */
  --c-stone:        #e7e0d2;   /* recessed / tonal band  */
  --c-stone-deep:   #d9d1bf;

  --c-ink:          #171716;   /* primary dark ground     */
  --c-ink-deep:     #111110;   /* footer, deepest plane   */
  --c-ink-soft:     #262521;

  --c-oxblood:      #6e2637;   /* accent on light grounds */
  --c-oxblood-lift: #b87083;   /* accent on dark, 5.0:1 on ink */

  /* Text roles */
  --t-primary:      #171716;
  --t-secondary:    #4a463e;
  --t-muted:        #655f54;   /* 5.5:1 ivory · 4.8:1 stone */
  --t-on-dark:      #ece7dc;
  --t-on-dark-mut:  #a29c8f;   /* 6.0:1 on ink            */

  /* Hairlines */
  --line:           #d3cbb9;
  --line-soft:      #e2dbcb;
  --line-dark:      #34322c;
  --line-dark-soft: #26251f;

  /* Type ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
  --font-serif: "Newsreader", "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype",
                "Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --font-sans:  "Instrument Sans", "Inter", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont,
                "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;

  --fs-micro:   0.6875rem;                              /* 11px eyebrows    */
  --fs-meta:    0.75rem;                                /* 12px labels      */
  --fs-small:   0.875rem;
  --fs-body:    1.0625rem;
  --fs-body-lg: 1.1875rem;
  --fs-lede:    clamp(1.25rem, 0.95rem + 0.85vw, 1.5rem);
  --fs-h3:      clamp(1.375rem, 1.1rem + 0.8vw, 1.75rem);
  --fs-h2:      clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 2.1vw, 3.25rem);
  --fs-lead:    clamp(1.75rem, 1.1rem + 2.5vw, 3rem);
  --fs-display: clamp(2.625rem, 1.3rem + 4.6vw, 5.125rem);

  --lh-tight:   1.06;
  --lh-snug:    1.22;
  --lh-normal:  1.5;
  --lh-loose:   1.68;

  --tr-display: -0.032em;
  --tr-head:    -0.02em;
  --tr-label:   0.16em;
  --tr-micro:   0.2em;

  /* Space ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
  --s-1:  0.25rem;
  --s-2:  0.5rem;
  --s-3:  0.75rem;
  --s-4:  1rem;
  --s-5:  1.5rem;
  --s-6:  2rem;
  --s-7:  2.75rem;
  --s-8:  3.5rem;
  --s-9:  5rem;
  --s-10: 7rem;

  --band:      clamp(4.5rem, 3rem + 6vw, 8.5rem);   /* vertical band rhythm */
  --band-tight: clamp(3.5rem, 2.5rem + 4vw, 6rem);

  /* Structure ------------------------------------------------------------- */
  --maxw:   1400px;
  --gutter: clamp(1.25rem, 4.5vw, 4.5rem);
  /* Aligns full-bleed panel content with .shell content at any viewport.    */
  --edge:   max(var(--gutter), calc((100vw - var(--maxw)) / 2 + var(--gutter)));
  --col-gap: clamp(1.25rem, 2.2vw, 2.25rem);
  --header-h: 5.25rem;

  --ease: cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.3, 1);
  --dur:  340ms;
}

/* 2 ─────────────────────────────────────────────  RESET  ────────────────── */

*,
*::before,
*::after { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scrollbar-gutter: stable;
}

body,
h1, h2, h3, h4, p, figure, blockquote, dl, dd, ul, ol {
  margin: 0;
}

ul, ol { padding: 0; list-style: none; }

img, svg { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

button, input, textarea, select { font: inherit; color: inherit; }

button {
  background: none;
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
}

:target { scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--header-h) + 2rem); }

/* 3 ─────────────────────────────────────────────  BASE  ─────────────────── */

body {
  background: var(--c-ivory);
  color: var(--t-primary);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--fs-body);
  line-height: var(--lh-loose);
  font-feature-settings: "kern" 1;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

/* Paper grain. Sits above content but never intercepts input. */
body::after {
  content: "";
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 400;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0.035;
  mix-blend-mode: multiply;
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='180' height='180'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.85' numOctaves='3' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}

::selection {
  background: var(--c-oxblood);
  color: var(--c-ivory);
}

a { color: inherit; }

:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--c-oxblood);
  outline-offset: 4px;
  border-radius: 1px;
}

.on-dark :focus-visible,
.masthead__panel :focus-visible {
  outline-color: var(--c-oxblood-lift);
}

.skip {
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--s-4);
  top: var(--s-4);
  z-index: 500;
  transform: translateY(-160%);
  background: var(--c-ink);
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-label);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.skip:focus-visible { transform: translateY(0); }

.vh {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  margin: -1px;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

/* 4 ────────────────────────────────────────────  LAYOUT  ────────────────── */

.shell {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--maxw);
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: var(--gutter);
}

.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));
  column-gap: var(--col-gap);
}

.band     { padding-block: var(--band); }
.band-sm  { padding-block: var(--band-tight); }

.on-dark {
  background: var(--c-ink);
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
}

.on-stone { background: var(--c-stone); }

.rule {
  height: 1px;
  border: 0;
  background: var(--line);
}

.on-dark .rule { background: var(--line-dark); }

/* 5 ───────────────────────────────────────────  MASTHEAD  ───────────────── */

.masthead {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 300;
  background: var(--c-ivory);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: border-color var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.masthead.is-scrolled { border-bottom-color: var(--line); }

.masthead__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--s-6);
  min-height: var(--header-h);
}

/* Brand marks --------------------------------------------------------------
   Both logos are supplied as alpha masks, so they are painted with
   currentColor and read correctly on ivory and on charcoal from one file. */

.mark {
  display: block;
  background-color: currentColor;
  -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
          mask-repeat: no-repeat;
  -webkit-mask-position: center;
          mask-position: center;
  -webkit-mask-size: contain;
          mask-size: contain;
}

.mark--symbol {
  -webkit-mask-image: url("/assets/symbol-d.png");
          mask-image: url("/assets/symbol-d.png");
  aspect-ratio: 239 / 256;
}

.mark--wordmark {
  -webkit-mask-image: url("/assets/wordmark-darcan.png");
          mask-image: url("/assets/wordmark-darcan.png");
  aspect-ratio: 1000 / 227;
}

.wordmark {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  padding-block: 0.25rem;
}

.wordmark__logo {
  width: clamp(7.25rem, 9.5vw, 8.75rem);
  flex: none;
  transition: opacity var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.wordmark:hover .wordmark__logo { opacity: 0.6; }
.wordmark:active { transform: translateY(1px); }

/* Desktop navigation ------------------------------------------------------ */

.sitenav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 2.6vw, 2.75rem);
}

.sitenav__list {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 2.4vw, 2.5rem);
}

.sitenav__link {
  display: inline-block;
  position: relative;
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-label);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--t-secondary);
  padding-block: 0.4rem;
  transition: color var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.sitenav__link::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--c-oxblood);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.sitenav__link:hover,
.sitenav__link:focus-visible { color: var(--t-primary); }

.sitenav__link:hover::after,
.sitenav__link:focus-visible::after { transform: scaleX(1); }

.sitenav__link[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--t-primary); }
.sitenav__link[aria-current="page"]::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
  background: var(--c-ink);
}

.sitenav__link:active { transform: translateY(1px); }

/* Language switch — always visually detached from the nav list ------------ */

.langswitch {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding-left: clamp(1.5rem, 2.6vw, 2.75rem);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.langswitch__sep {
  color: #a49b87;
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  user-select: none;
}

.langswitch__link {
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  padding: 0.25rem 0.1rem;
  transition: color var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.langswitch__link:hover { color: var(--c-oxblood); }

.langswitch__link[aria-current="true"] {
  color: var(--t-primary);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Mobile toggle ----------------------------------------------------------- */

.navtoggle {
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.625rem;
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-label);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--t-secondary);
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.navtoggle__bars {
  position: relative;
  width: 22px;
  height: 9px;
}

.navtoggle__bars span {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 1px;
  background: currentColor;
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease), opacity 180ms linear;
}

.navtoggle__bars span:first-child { top: 0; }
.navtoggle__bars span:last-child  { bottom: 0; }

.navtoggle[aria-expanded="true"] .navtoggle__bars span:first-child {
  transform: translateY(4px) rotate(45deg);
}
.navtoggle[aria-expanded="true"] .navtoggle__bars span:last-child {
  transform: translateY(-4px) rotate(-45deg);
}

/* 6 ─────────────────────────────────────────────  HERO  ─────────────────── */

.hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.12fr) minmax(0, 0.88fr);
  grid-template-rows: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  align-items: stretch;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: var(--c-ink);
}

/* The photograph runs the full width of the hero; the ivory plane below is
   what makes it a composition rather than a picture next to a paragraph. */
.hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -2;
  background-image: url("/assets/img/sea.jpg");
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: 55% 60%;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

/* No global scrim: the ivory plane masks the left, the statement panel
   carries its own, and the strip along the bottom stays open so the field
   reads as one photograph the planes are sitting on. */

.hero__left {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1;
  background: var(--c-ivory-veil);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: clamp(4rem, 3rem + 5vw, 7.5rem) clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 4.5rem)
           clamp(4rem, 3rem + 5vw, 7.5rem) var(--edge);
  min-height: clamp(27rem, 68vh, 41rem);
}

.hero__eyebrow {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  margin-bottom: var(--s-6);
}

.hero__eyebrow::before {
  content: "";
  width: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  height: 1px;
  background: currentColor;
  flex: none;
}

/* The wordmark lives in the masthead and footer; repeating it at display
   size here weakened the composition. The descriptor carries the hero. */
.hero__headline {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 1.35rem + 4.9vw, 5.25rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-display);
  max-width: 12em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.hero__identity {
  margin-top: clamp(1.75rem, 2.6vw, 2.375rem);
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.3rem;
}

.hero__identity-name {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 1.05rem + 0.6vw, 1.5rem);
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.014em;
}

.hero__identity-line {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--t-secondary);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Keeps the oxblood accent in the hero now that the descriptor is ink. */
.hero__signals {
  margin-top: clamp(1rem, 1.5vw, 1.375rem);
  padding-top: var(--s-4);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  max-width: 26rem;
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.hero__meta {
  margin-top: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 3rem);
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--s-3);
}

.hero__meta dt {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.hero__meta dd {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--fs-body-lg);
  line-height: 1.35;
  margin: 0 0 var(--s-3);
}

.hero__meta dd:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

.hero__right {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1;
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--s-7);
  padding: clamp(4rem, 3rem + 5vw, 7.5rem) var(--edge)
           clamp(4rem, 3rem + 5vw, 7.5rem) clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 4.5rem);
}

/* Scrim belongs to the statement panel alone. */
.hero__right::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  background: linear-gradient(100deg,
    rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.9) 0%, rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.78) 55%, rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.62) 100%);
}

/* An open band of the photograph, full bleed, carrying no text. Knocked
   back so it closes the hero instead of competing with the name. */
.hero__strip {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  grid-row: 2;
  position: relative;
  height: clamp(4.5rem, 8vw, 8.5rem);
}

.hero__strip::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg,
    rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.66) 0%, rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.34) 45%, rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.5) 100%);
}

.hero__statement {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 0.85rem + 1.15vw, 1.75rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.42;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.hero__actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--s-6);
  padding-top: var(--s-6);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

/* Architectural figures -----------------------------------------------------
   Cropped details, duotoned to the ink→bone ramp so they belong to the
   palette rather than reading as cool stock grey. They are ground texture
   only: every figure sits under a scrim that keeps body text at full
   contrast, and none of them carries meaning, so all are decorative. */

.figure-ground {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.figure-ground::before,
.figure-ground::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.figure-ground::before {
  background-image: var(--figure);
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: var(--figure-pos, 50% 50%);
  opacity: var(--figure-opacity, 0.18);
  z-index: -2;
}

.figure-ground::after {
  background: var(--figure-scrim);
  z-index: -1;
}

/* Vertical fins — a wall of spines. Carries Publications. */
.figure--facade {
  --figure: url("/assets/img/facade.jpg");
  --figure-pos: 70% 42%;
  --figure-opacity: 0.30;
  --figure-scrim: linear-gradient(104deg,
    rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.92) 0%, rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.8) 54%, rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.58) 100%);
}

/* Institutional stone and ironwork. Carries Legal Practice in Türkiye. */
.figure--practice {
  --figure: url("/assets/img/practice.jpg");
  --figure-pos: 52% 26%;
  --figure-opacity: 0.34;
  --figure-scrim: linear-gradient(96deg,
    rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.92) 0%, rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.8) 50%, rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.56) 100%);
}

.figure--interior {
  --figure: url("/assets/img/interior.jpg");
  --figure-pos: 54% 18%;
  --figure-opacity: 0.30;
  --figure-scrim: linear-gradient(94deg,
    rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.92) 0%, rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.82) 48%, rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.54) 100%);
}

/* Same motif, different crop, so the two do not read as a repeat. */
.figure--practice-wide {
  --figure-pos: 46% 64%;
  --figure-opacity: 0.24;
}

/* 7 ───────────────────────────────────────────  SECTIONS  ───────────────── */

/* Section label: 02 — Positioning */
.seclabel {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.seclabel__num {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.on-dark .seclabel { color: var(--t-on-dark-mut); }
.on-dark .seclabel__num { color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }

/* 02 Positioning ---------------------------------------------------------- */

.positioning__label { grid-column: 1 / span 3; }

.positioning__lead {
  grid-column: 4 / -1;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--fs-lead);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-display);
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.positioning__body {
  grid-column: 4 / -1;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: var(--col-gap);
  margin-top: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 4rem);
  padding-top: var(--s-6);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.positioning__body p {
  color: var(--t-secondary);
  max-width: 34rem;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.approachcol__label {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-bottom: var(--s-4);
}

/* 03 Duality — the central split -------------------------------------------
   Two full-bleed panels; inner text aligns with .shell on both outer edges. */

.duality {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.panel {
  padding-block: var(--band);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.panel--light {
  background: var(--c-stone);
  padding-left: var(--edge);
  padding-right: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 4rem);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--c-stone-deep);
}

.panel--dark {
  background: var(--c-ink);
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  padding-right: var(--edge);
  padding-left: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 4rem);
}

.panel__num {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 1.5rem + 2.6vw, 4rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
}

.panel--dark .panel__num { color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }

.panel__title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.625rem, 1.1rem + 1.5vw, 2.375rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.14;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-head);
  margin-top: var(--s-4);
  max-width: 15em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.panel__note {
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.62;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  max-width: 36em;
  margin-top: var(--s-5);
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--c-stone-deep);
}

.panel--dark .panel__note {
  color: var(--t-on-dark-mut);
  border-top-color: var(--line-dark);
}

.clusters {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.75rem) var(--col-gap);
  margin-top: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
}

.cluster__label {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  margin-bottom: var(--s-3);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.panel--dark .cluster__label { color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }

.cluster__items li {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--fs-body-lg);
  line-height: 1.42;
  letter-spacing: -0.008em;
  color: var(--t-primary);
  padding-block: 0.18rem;
}

/* Any charcoal ground, not only the homepage duality panel. */
.on-dark .cluster__label,
.panel--dark .cluster__label { color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }

.on-dark .cluster__items li,
.panel--dark .cluster__items li { color: var(--t-on-dark); }

.on-dark .credgroup__label {
  color: var(--c-oxblood-lift);
  border-bottom-color: var(--line-dark);
}

.on-dark .credgroup__secondary { color: var(--t-on-dark-mut); }

.on-dark .identitystack { border-top-color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }
.on-dark .identitystack li { color: var(--t-on-dark-mut); }
.on-dark .identitystack li:first-child { color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }

/* 04 Research ------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* Header row spans the full grid so the heading never becomes a narrow
   one-word-per-line column; the subjects then run beneath it in three. */
.research__head {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));
  column-gap: var(--col-gap);
  align-items: end;
  padding-bottom: clamp(2rem, 3vw, 3rem);
}

.research__label { grid-column: 1 / span 3; }

.research__heading {
  grid-column: 4 / span 6;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 1.2rem + 1.9vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-head);
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.research__intro {
  grid-column: 10 / -1;
  color: var(--t-secondary);
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.research__list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  column-gap: var(--col-gap);
}

.research__item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: clamp(1rem, 1.6vw, 1.75rem);
  padding-block: clamp(1.1rem, 1.6vw, 1.5rem);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research__item-num {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  flex: none;
  min-width: 1.6em;
}

.research__item-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 0.95rem + 0.6vw, 1.5rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.24;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-head);
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* 05 Credentials ---------------------------------------------------------- */

.creds__label { grid-column: 1 / span 3; }
.creds__grid  { grid-column: 4 / -1; }

.creds__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.5rem) clamp(2rem, 4vw, 4rem);
}

.credgroup__label {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  padding-bottom: var(--s-4);
  margin-bottom: var(--s-4);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-stone-deep);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.credgroup__primary {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 1.15rem + 1.15vw, 2.125rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-head);
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.credgroup__secondary {
  margin-top: var(--s-3);
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--t-muted);
}

/* 06 Closing -------------------------------------------------------------- */

.closing__label { grid-column: 1 / span 3; }
.closing__main  { grid-column: 4 / span 6; }
.closing__side  { grid-column: 11 / -1; align-self: end; }

.closing__heading {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--fs-h2);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-head);
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.closing__lede {
  margin-top: var(--s-5);
  color: var(--t-on-dark-mut);
  max-width: 32rem;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.closing__links {
  margin-top: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--s-5);
  justify-items: start;
}

.bigmail {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.375rem, 0.9rem + 1.7vw, 2.375rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.022em;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  word-break: break-word;
  padding-bottom: 0.12em;
}

.bigmail::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--c-oxblood-lift);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.bigmail:hover::after { transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: right; }
.bigmail:active { transform: translateY(1px); }

.closing__side-note {
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--t-on-dark-mut);
}

.notegroup {
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--s-4);
}

.closing__side > .closing__side-note {
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

/* 8 ──────────────────────────────────────────  COMPONENTS  ──────────────── */

/* Text link with animated rule */
.tlink {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-label);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  padding-bottom: 0.45rem;
}

.tlink::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: currentColor;
  opacity: 0.35;
}

.tlink::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--c-oxblood);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.on-dark .tlink::after,
.hero__right .tlink::after { background: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }

.tlink:hover::after,
.tlink:focus-visible::after { transform: scaleX(1); }

.tlink:active { transform: translateY(1px); }

/* Inline link inside prose */
.ilink {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-oxblood);
  padding-bottom: 0.08em;
  transition: color var(--dur) var(--ease), border-color var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.ilink:hover { color: var(--c-oxblood); }
.on-dark .ilink { border-bottom-color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }
.on-dark .ilink:hover { color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }

/* Interior page header ---------------------------------------------------- */

.pagehead {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 2.5rem + 4.5vw, 6.5rem) clamp(3rem, 2rem + 4vw, 5.5rem);
}

.pagehead__label { grid-column: 1 / span 3; }
.pagehead__main  { grid-column: 4 / -1; }

.pagehead__title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 1.6rem + 4vw, 4.75rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-display);
}

.pagehead__lede {
  margin-top: clamp(1.5rem, 2.5vw, 2.25rem);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--fs-lede);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.42;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  color: var(--t-secondary);
  max-width: 52rem;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* Identity stack — the left gutter of every interior page header. */
.identitystack {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--s-3);
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--c-oxblood);
  max-width: 18rem;
}

.identitystack li {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--t-muted);
}

.identitystack li:first-child { color: var(--c-oxblood); }

/* Editorial prose block --------------------------------------------------- */

.prose__label { grid-column: 1 / span 3; }
.prose__body  { grid-column: 4 / -1; }

/* A wide serif opening, then the remaining text balanced across two
   columns so the right third of the page is never left dead. */
.prose__lead {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.375rem, 1.05rem + 0.95vw, 1.9375rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.34;
  letter-spacing: -0.016em;
  color: var(--t-primary);
  max-width: 30em;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.prose__cols {
  margin-top: clamp(2rem, 3.2vw, 3rem);
  padding-top: var(--s-6);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  columns: 2;
  column-gap: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 4rem);
}

.prose__cols--single { columns: 1; }
.prose__cols--single p { max-width: 46rem; }

.prose__cols p {
  font-size: var(--fs-body);
  line-height: 1.72;
  color: var(--t-secondary);
  break-inside: avoid;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.prose__cols p + p { margin-top: var(--s-5); }

/* Two labelled columns. A grid rather than multicol, so each column can
   carry its own heading. */
.prose__pair {
  margin-top: clamp(2rem, 3.2vw, 3rem);
  padding-top: var(--s-6);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 4rem);
}

.prose__pair p {
  font-size: var(--fs-body);
  line-height: 1.72;
  color: var(--t-secondary);
  max-width: 34rem;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.pairlabel {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-bottom: var(--s-4);
}

.on-dark .prose__pair { border-top-color: var(--line-dark); }
.on-dark .prose__pair p { color: var(--t-on-dark-mut); }
.on-dark .pairlabel { color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }

.on-dark .prose__lead { color: var(--t-on-dark); }
.on-dark .prose__cols { border-top-color: var(--line-dark); }
.on-dark .prose__cols p { color: var(--t-on-dark-mut); }

.jurisdiction__heading {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 1.1rem + 1.3vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.14;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-head);
  margin-bottom: var(--s-5);
  max-width: 20em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

/* Contact page ------------------------------------------------------------ */

.contact__label { grid-column: 1 / span 3; }
.contact__main  { grid-column: 4 / span 6; }
.contact__aside { grid-column: 11 / -1; }

.contactlist { display: grid; gap: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 3rem); }

.contactlist__label {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  margin-bottom: var(--s-3);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.on-dark .contactlist__label { color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }

/* Practice page ------------------------------------------------------------ */

.pagehead__section {
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--c-oxblood);
  max-width: 16rem;
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.services { grid-column: 4 / -1; }

.services__intro {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.375rem, 1.05rem + 1.05vw, 1.9375rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.34;
  letter-spacing: -0.016em;
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  max-width: 30em;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* Four groups on a hairline grid — no cards, no icons. */
.servicegrid {
  margin-top: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(2.25rem, 3.5vw, 3.25rem) clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 4rem);
}

.servicegroup {
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.servicegroup__label {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood-lift);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.servicegroup__items { margin-top: var(--s-4); }

.servicegroup__items li {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.0625rem, 0.95rem + 0.45vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.42;
  letter-spacing: -0.008em;
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  padding-block: 0.14rem;
}

.servicegroup__note {
  margin-top: var(--s-4);
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.62;
  color: var(--t-on-dark-mut);
  max-width: 32rem;
}

.intlfocus { grid-column: 4 / -1; }

/* Set a step below the services intro: this section is the counterpoint,
   not a peer of the practice above it. */
.intlfocus__intro {
  font-size: var(--fs-body);
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--t-secondary);
  max-width: 44rem;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.intlfocus .arealist { margin-top: clamp(1.5rem, 2.4vw, 2.25rem); }
.intlfocus .arealist li {
  padding-block: clamp(0.7rem, 1vw, 0.9rem);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 0.93rem + 0.3vw, 1.125rem);
}

.jurisnote {
  margin-top: clamp(1.5rem, 2.4vw, 2.25rem);
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.62;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  max-width: 44rem;
}

/* Homepage practice --------------------------------------------------------- */

.practicehome { grid-column: 4 / -1; }

.practicehome__heading {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.875rem, 1.25rem + 2.1vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-head);
  max-width: 16em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.practicehome__note {
  margin-top: var(--s-5);
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.62;
  color: var(--t-on-dark-mut);
  max-width: 36rem;
}

/* Named areas, not a directory: three columns, hairline rows. */
.arealist {
  margin-top: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  column-gap: var(--col-gap);
}

.arealist li {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.0625rem, 0.95rem + 0.45vw, 1.3125rem);
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.008em;
  color: var(--t-primary);
  padding-block: clamp(0.85rem, 1.3vw, 1.15rem);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.on-dark .arealist li {
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  border-top-color: var(--line-dark);
}

.arealist--pair { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); }

.practicehome__action { margin-top: clamp(2.25rem, 3.5vw, 3rem); }

/* International perspective ------------------------------------------------- */

.intl__meta {
  margin-top: var(--s-5);
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
  max-width: 16rem;
}

.intl__main { grid-column: 4 / -1; }

.intl__statement {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.375rem, 1.05rem + 1.15vw, 2.125rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.016em;
  max-width: 26em;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.intl__subjects {
  margin-top: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--c-stone-deep);
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.intl__disclaimer {
  margin-top: var(--s-5);
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.62;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  max-width: 36rem;
}

/* Publications ------------------------------------------------------------ */

.pubs__label { grid-column: 1 / span 3; }
.pubs__main  { grid-column: 4 / -1; }

.pubs__heading {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 1.2rem + 1.9vw, 2.875rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-head);
  max-width: 18em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.pubs__intro {
  margin-top: var(--s-5);
  color: var(--t-on-dark-mut);
  max-width: 38rem;
}

.pubs__empty {
  margin-top: clamp(1.75rem, 2.6vw, 2.25rem);
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.66;
  color: var(--t-on-dark-mut);
  max-width: 34rem;
}

.pubs__action { margin-top: clamp(2rem, 3vw, 2.75rem); }

/* The index list. Hairline rows, never cards. */
.pubindex { grid-column: 4 / -1; }

.publist { display: grid; }

.publist__item { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.on-dark .publist__item { border-top-color: var(--line-dark); }
.publist__item:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.on-dark .publist__item:last-child { border-bottom-color: var(--line-dark); }

.publist__link {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--s-3);
  padding-block: clamp(1.5rem, 2.4vw, 2.25rem);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: opacity var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.publist__link:hover { opacity: 0.72; }
.publist__link:active { transform: translateY(1px); }

.publist__meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.on-dark .publist__meta { color: var(--t-on-dark-mut); }
.publist__cat { color: var(--c-oxblood); }
.on-dark .publist__cat { color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }

.publist__title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.375rem, 1.05rem + 1.05vw, 2rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.16;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-head);
  max-width: 22em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.publist__standfirst {
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.66;
  color: var(--t-secondary);
  max-width: 44rem;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.on-dark .publist__standfirst { color: var(--t-on-dark-mut); }

.publist--compact {
  margin-top: clamp(2rem, 3vw, 2.75rem);
}

.publist--compact .publist__standfirst { display: none; }

/* Empty state — a statement, not a placeholder box. */
.pubempty__heading {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.375rem, 1.05rem + 1vw, 1.9375rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.32;
  letter-spacing: -0.016em;
  max-width: 20em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.pubempty__body {
  margin-top: var(--s-5);
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.66;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  max-width: 34rem;
}

/* A single publication ----------------------------------------------------- */

.pagehead--tall { padding-block: clamp(4rem, 2.75rem + 5vw, 7.5rem) clamp(3.75rem, 2.5rem + 4.5vw, 6.5rem); }

.pagehead--figure {
  background: var(--c-ink);
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.pagehead--figure .pagehead__lede { color: var(--t-on-dark-mut); }

.pagehead__eyebrow {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin-bottom: clamp(1rem, 1.6vw, 1.5rem);
}

/* A personal name sits lower than a one-word page title. */
.pagehead__title--name {
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 1.5rem + 3.4vw, 4.25rem);
  line-height: 1.04;
}

.pagehead__title--article {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 1.3rem + 2.6vw, 3.5rem);
  line-height: 1.06;
  max-width: 18em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.articlemeta {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--c-oxblood);
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  line-height: 1.5;
  max-width: 18rem;
}

.articlemeta__cat { color: var(--c-oxblood); }

.articlefigure {
  margin: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.articlefigure img {
  width: 100%;
  max-height: 32rem;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.articlebody { grid-column: 4 / span 7; }

.articlebody p {
  font-size: var(--fs-body-lg);
  line-height: 1.72;
  color: var(--t-secondary);
  max-width: 36rem;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.articlebody p + p { margin-top: var(--s-5); }

.article__subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--fs-h3);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.22;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-head);
  color: var(--t-primary);
  margin-top: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  margin-bottom: var(--s-4);
  max-width: 24em;
}

/* Sources -------------------------------------------------------------------
   Closes every automated publication. A hairline block rather than a card, so
   it reads as part of the article rather than an attachment to it. */

.sources {
  margin-top: clamp(3rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  max-width: 36rem;
}

.sources__label {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  margin-bottom: var(--s-4);
}

.sources__list { list-style: none; display: grid; gap: var(--s-4); }

.sources__link {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  padding-bottom: var(--s-3);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  transition: border-color var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.sources__link:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--t-primary); }

.sources__name {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--fs-body);
  color: var(--t-primary);
}

/* The URL can be long and has no useful break points of its own. */
.sources__url {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  color: var(--t-muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.articleback { margin-bottom: var(--s-6); }

.articlelangs {
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--t-muted);
  line-height: 2;
}

/* Contact ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

.contactdirect {
  margin-top: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  padding-top: var(--s-6);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--s-4);
}

.contactdirect__row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(6rem, 8rem) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: var(--s-4);
  align-items: baseline;
}

.contactdirect__label {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.contactdirect__link {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 0.98rem + 0.5vw, 1.4375rem);
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--t-primary);
  position: relative;
  justify-self: start;
  word-break: break-word;
  padding-bottom: 0.1em;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  transition: color var(--dur) var(--ease), border-color var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.contactdirect__link:hover {
  color: var(--c-oxblood);
  border-bottom-color: var(--c-oxblood);
}

.contactdirect__link:active { transform: translateY(1px); }

.contactnote {
  margin-top: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--s-4);
  max-width: 36rem;
}

.contactnote p {
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.66;
  color: var(--t-muted);
}

/* 9 ────────────────────────────────────────────  FOOTER  ────────────────── */

.footer {
  background: var(--c-ink-deep);
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 2.5rem + 3.5vw, 5.5rem) var(--s-7);
}

.footer__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.35fr) repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem) var(--col-gap);
}

.footer__wordmark {
  width: clamp(9.5rem, 15vw, 12.5rem);
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
}

.footer__identity {
  margin-top: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--t-on-dark-mut);
}

.footer__identity span:first-child {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}

.footer__coltitle {
  font-size: var(--fs-micro);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: var(--tr-micro);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--t-on-dark-mut);
  margin-bottom: var(--s-4);
  padding-bottom: var(--s-3);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.footer__list { display: grid; gap: 0.65rem; }

.footer__link {
  font-size: var(--fs-small);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--t-on-dark);
  position: relative;
  justify-self: start;
  transition: color var(--dur) var(--ease);
  word-break: break-word;
}

.footer__link::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -2px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--c-oxblood-lift);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease);
}

.footer__link:hover { color: var(--c-oxblood-lift); }
.footer__link:hover::after { transform: scaleX(1); }
.footer__link:active { transform: translateY(1px); }

.footer__bottom {
  margin-top: clamp(3rem, 4vw, 4.5rem);
  padding-top: var(--s-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: var(--s-5);
}

.footer__disclaimer {
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  line-height: 1.62;
  color: var(--t-on-dark-mut);
  max-width: 46rem;
}

.footer__copyright {
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--t-on-dark-mut);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* 10 ──────────────────────────────────────────  RESPONSIVE  ─────────────── */

@media (max-width: 1180px) {
  /* Below this the 4/6/3 masthead row starves the heading, so the label
     takes its own line and the heading gets the width it needs. */
  .research__label   { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin-bottom: var(--s-5); }
  .research__heading { grid-column: 1 / span 8; }
  .research__intro   { grid-column: 9 / -1; }
  .closing__main   { grid-column: 4 / span 7; }
  .closing__side   { grid-column: 4 / span 7; margin-top: var(--s-7); }
  .areablock__clusters { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .prose__body     { grid-column: 4 / span 9; }
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  :root { --header-h: 4.5rem; }

  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    grid-template-rows: auto;
  }

  /* Explicit placement from the two-column composition must be released,
     or the panels land in the same cell and overlap. */
  .hero__left,
  .hero__right,
  .hero__strip {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: auto;
  }

  .hero__left {
    min-height: 0;
    padding: clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 5.5rem) var(--edge);
  }

  .hero__right {
    padding: clamp(3rem, 7vw, 4.5rem) var(--edge);
    gap: var(--s-6);
  }

  .duality { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }

  .panel--light,
  .panel--dark {
    padding-inline: var(--edge);
    border-right: 0;
  }

  .panel--light { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-stone-deep); }

  /* Keeping the label in the gutter here would leave a third of the band
     empty, so it takes its own row and the groups use the full width. */
  .creds__label { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin-bottom: var(--s-6); }
  .creds__grid  { grid-column: 1 / -1; }

  .research__list { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  /* Navigation collapses into a panel. */
  .navtoggle { display: inline-flex; }

  .sitenav {
    position: fixed;
    inset: var(--header-h) 0 auto 0;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
    background: var(--c-ivory);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding: var(--s-5) var(--gutter) var(--s-7);
    transform: translateY(-8px);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease),
                opacity 200ms linear,
                visibility 0s linear var(--dur);
    max-height: calc(100dvh - var(--header-h));
    overflow-y: auto;
  }

  .sitenav.is-open {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease),
                opacity 200ms linear,
                visibility 0s linear 0s;
  }

  .sitenav__list {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
  }

  .sitenav__list li + li { border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }

  .sitenav__link {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
    text-transform: none;
    color: var(--t-primary);
    padding-block: var(--s-4);
  }

  .sitenav__link::after { display: none; }
  .sitenav__link[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--c-oxblood); }

  .langswitch {
    margin-top: var(--s-6);
    padding-top: var(--s-5);
    padding-left: 0;
    border-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }

  .langswitch__link { font-size: var(--fs-small); letter-spacing: 0.14em; }

  body.nav-open { overflow: hidden; }
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .positioning__label,
  .creds__label,
  .closing__label,
  .pagehead__label,
  .prose__label,
  .contact__label { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin-bottom: var(--s-5); }

  .pagehead__label { margin-bottom: var(--s-7); }

  .positioning__lead,
  .positioning__body,
  .creds__grid,
  .closing__main,
  .closing__side,
  .pagehead__main,
  .prose__body,
  .contact__main,
  .contact__aside,
  .pubs__label,
  .pubs__main,
  .pubindex,
  .practicehome,
  .intl__main,
  .services,
  .intlfocus,
  .articlebody { grid-column: 1 / -1; }

  .intl__meta { max-width: none; margin-top: var(--s-4); }

  .pubs__label { margin-bottom: var(--s-5); }

  .positioning__body { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: var(--s-5); }

  .research__head {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    align-items: start;
    gap: var(--s-5);
  }

  .research__label,
  .research__heading,
  .research__intro { grid-column: 1 / -1; }

  .prose__cols { columns: 1; }
  .prose__pair { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: var(--s-7); }
  .creds__grid       { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .closing__side     { margin-top: var(--s-8); }
  .contact__aside    { margin-top: var(--s-8); }

  .areablock__head {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    align-items: start;
    gap: var(--s-3);
  }

  .areablock__num,
  .areablock__title,
  .areablock__note { grid-column: 1 / -1; }

  .areablock__note { margin-top: var(--s-4); }

  .footer__grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .footer__grid > :first-child { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  :root { --col-gap: 1.25rem; }

  .figure--facade   { --figure-opacity: 0.26; --figure-pos: 62% 50%; }
  .figure--interior { --figure-opacity: 0.15; }
  .figure--practice { --figure-opacity: 0.15; }

  .clusters,
  .areablock__clusters,
  .research__list { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }

  .arealist, .arealist--pair { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .servicegrid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }

  .hero__meta { max-width: none; }

  .footer__grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .footer__grid > :first-child { grid-column: auto; }

  .footer__bottom { flex-direction: column; }
}

@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .hero__actions { gap: var(--s-5); }
  .research__item-num { font-size: 1.25rem; min-width: 1.5em; }
}

/* Motion ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }

  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
  }
}

/* Figures are decoration; drop them when more contrast is asked for. */
@media (prefers-contrast: more) {
  .figure-ground::before { display: none; }
}

/* Print -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

@media print {
  body::after,
  .masthead,
  .skip,
  .figure-ground::before,
  .figure-ground::after { display: none !important; }

  body { background: #fff; color: #000; font-size: 11pt; }

  .on-dark,
  .on-stone,
  .panel--dark,
  .panel--light,
  .hero__right,
  .footer {
    background: #fff !important;
    color: #000 !important;
  }

  .hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .duality { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  a { text-decoration: underline; }
}